ELEMENTS OF ART (PART2 :- COLOUR)

2  COLOUR

It is the impression on the eyes, created by light, Colours play a very important part in our life. Without existence of the colour our life will be dull. Colours gives us unity and contrasting values. The light which we see daily, is actually not white. It is the mixture of all the colours. Colour is a way that we describe an object based on the way that reflects or emits light. Nature explains this phenomenon, which is called reflection of light through the colourful rainbow. Rainbow colours are nothing but a dispersion of various colours that constitute the whiteness of light. This phenomenon as VIBGYOR.  When ever we use to see particular colour, surface absorbs all other from the light and reflects one colour, which we see, when all the colours are absorbed we see black and the presence of all the colours is white.

 DEFINITION OF COLOUR

1. "Colour Harmon is the basis of colour theory".

2. Poussion, "One may speak of friendship or enimity of colour. Colours play a major role in all ages and will continue to do so among all people. Colours, tell us who is who?

IMPORTANCE OF COLOUR

1. It is one of the essential element of decoration.
2. Coloured clothes are used to differentiate and avoid mix ups.
3. Coloured cards are used in industries and electric connection.
4. Colours indicates age and are used in clothing, furniture, architecture, and many other objects.
5. Colours give a close portrayal of the reality
6. It is the part and parcel of art and life.
7. It plays the predominant role because art can also be defined as an expression of certain emotions, feelings and scenic beauty with the help of different weak representational colours.
8. It differentiates between life and death.
9. It helps us to express, to identify, to classify and to understand things. Their different attitude like, joy, sorrow, depression, hatred. It makes direct appeal to our senses.
10. Colours give us unity, clarity and contrast.
11. Colour is descriptive and appeals to emotions, gives better visibility and retentive value(dark to light and light to dark).
12. It creates deep impression quickly and attracts attention.
13. It creates symbolic atmosphere to suggest reality, quality and insists for recognition.
14. Colour have many functions and different colour create different feelings.
15. Colour creates elasticity of will, likeness dislikeness. They compel, activity to craze, stimulating effect on nervous system, develops aesthetic judgement, hope, relaxation, depth of feeling and variabilities etc.

KINDS OF COLOURS

1. PRIMARY COLOURS:- These are the colours which can not be obtained by mixing the other colours. These are directly obtained from minerals and animals, water etc. These are RED, YELLOW, BLUE.

2. SECONDARY COLOURS:- These are those colours which can be obtained by mixing two primary colour

      Red + Yellow    =  Orange

      Red + Blue        =  Violet

      Yellow + Blue   =  Green

3. TERTIARY COLOURS :- They are obtained by mixing one primary and one secondary colours

     Green +Purple    =  Olive Green

     Purple + Orange = Russet

     Orange + Green  = Cetron

4. COMPLEMENTARY OR CONTRASTING COLOURS:- These are two colours diametrically opposite on the chromatic circle for example, Blue is complimentary to orange.

5. WARM COLOURS:- RED, YELLOW and ORANGE re warm colours. Faces turns red when they are warm. Hot that sun glows yellow to orange.

6. COOL COLOURS:- BLUE, GREEN and VIOLET. The examples are cold oceans are blue, the people cool off in shades of green trees.

EFFECTS OF COLOURS

1. RED:- It has a stimulating effect on one's senses. It represents excitement, revolution, anger, war, danger, hatred, passion and blood etc. It is used for the depiction of powerful emotions, irritation. It is force and power of the will.
2. YELLOW:- It stands for warmth, richness, wisdom, fire, cheerfulness etc. A face turned yellow out of fear. It depicts the human nature.
3. ORANGE:- Force of will, activeness, aggression, knowledge, fire, autumn, warmth, desire, excitement, domination etc.
4. Blue:- It suggests coolness, truth, sadness, unchangeability, sweetness, relaxation, depth of feeling, royalness etc.
5. GREEN:- It shows coolness, satisfaction, safety, fertility. rest and growth etc.
6. VIOLET:- It stands for death, coolness mystery.
7. PINK:- Pink stands for faminity, delicacy, softness and happiness.
8. GREY:- It stands for ageing, depression, darkness, fear, depth etc.
9. BLACK:- It signifies sorrow, evil, depression, darkness, fear and depth etc.
10. WHITE:- This represents purity, calmness, dignity, light, peace, strength and hope etc.

So colours play a very important role in our life and without colour the glory of art will be lost.

VISIT (PART 1 :- LINE) https://fineartaddatipsandtricks.blogspot.com/2024/09/elements-of-art-part-1.html

ELEMENTS OF ART ( PART-1 :- LINE)

 INTRODUCTION

Every written language has fundamentals such as letters, words and punctuations. In the language of art these fundamentals are called elements and principles of art. Whenever we create something artistic, the elements and principles step in.

Art is a unity and every element it contains, needs the help of other elements to bring in a well organized work. Main subject of art and the different parts of a painting interact without losing their individuality unity does not imply confirm, because the unity have to be differential for maximum effectiveness, but its contrasting nature into unfelt totality. 

The elements of arts as follows:

1. LINE
2. COLOUR
3. LIGHT AND SHADE
4. SPACE
5. TEXTURE
6. FORM
7. PERSPECTIVE
8. COMPOSITION
9. TONE

1. LINE

It is the first lesson a man learns and without knowledge of line there would be no looks and no literature and line is one of the most major elements of art. It can produce change in the appearance of an object. Line has great credit in the field of art. Without the knowledge of line we might have still be in the primitive age line can be discussed as:

• Line is progressive movement
• It is distance between the two points joint together in line.
• Line is a length without breadth.
• It is a man's creation.
• It is a chain of dots joined together.

    It indicates position and force. It is a short hand art of drawing and painting and architecture. Line derives its force from the person who draws it. It is capable to express various emotions. It suggests the direction of movement and boundary of the area. It is used as a symbol to denote motion and it expresses object and their relation. It indicates the behavior and character of an object as well as the feelings of an artist and the designer. If you want to judge the picture or a design, first judge the line. The first function of line is to define objects before learning. It leads to continuity of line.

We would have suffered a great loss if there would have no existence of line. We would have to depend on the models of big buildings and dams. All we see around us is because of line. It never moves but we imagine its movement.

There are many kinds of lines in different shapes and with different symbolic values. Some lines are light, some are phrases of music. It has very appealing effect on emotions. Every line has different meaning. Line is the main playing force in architecture. First a line has to be drawn with emotion and them comes feelings, for e.g. In painting we bring emotions through line. So, confidence is necessary in line. Some lines are hard and some are soft. We can also compare human nature with lines. In the Indian art miniatures like Rajasthan, Kangra, Pahari, all school have a great deal of importance of line. Line has a particular fascination.

TYPES OF LINES

1. DOTTED LINE:- It is a chain of dots joined together.
2. DOMINATING LINE:- These are the lines which gives a very long lasting impression on mind, which has a very crude and a lasting effect. These lines look good in architecture and sculpture only and not in delicate art. Because in this type of art line should be soft.
3. STRUCTURAL LINES:- These lines are one, which make structure or outer form.
4. STRAIGHT VERTICAL LINES:- These lines signify force, dignity, stability, strength, balance, peace etc. It makes an angle of 90 degree with horizontal line.
5. Straight horizontal lines:- These lines which are parallel to the ground or earth and these lines make the angle of 180 degree. There lines shows flatness, stability, peace, balance, rest.
6. STRAIGHT PARALLEL LINES:- These are those lines which have equal distance from each other never meet with each other. If produced, these lines show proportional relation.
7. DAIGONAL LINES:- These are not vertical or horizontal lines but are some what in between. They signifies motion and continuity.
8. CURVED LINES:- The curved lines do not show any sharp angular position and they always form some round shapes. It indicates richness, grace, movement, elegance etc.
9. ZIG ZAG LINES:- These lines are angular and signifies ups and downs of life for e.g. Lines of E.C.G etc.
10. CROSS LINES:- These lines cut each other from in between and are used in math as symbols of '+' 'X' etc.
11. THIN LINE:- This lines are very thin than normal line. They show weakness, delicacy, fineness etc.
12. THICK LINE:- These are very thick than normal lines. These shows strength, boldness, continuity.
13. SPIRAL LINES:- These lines are round shape nd in continuance, shows strength and emotion.
14. CONTOUR LINES:- These are those ones which join dots at same angle. It shows inner and outer position of the particular object.

SIGNIFICANCE OF FINE ARTS AS A SCHOOL SUBJECT

 INTRODUCTION

Art is now enjoying a very high status in the educational curriculum in our schools. It is now not considered as an extra subject. Through in the earlier times, art was not included in the syllabus of school education.

"Art is a form of expression". It enable one to express one's views, ideas, emotions, beliefs, sentiment and thought. Art provides the students hand to express them selves.

A child feels greatly relieved when he tries to express his views by drawing rough and crude surfaces, though his efforts are rough and crude but displays a great sense of satisfaction to him. Now art is not only a part of the school activities, but the centre of all the school activities.

IN THE WORDS OF COMENIUS A GREAT PHILOSOPHER:

"Impressions are complemented by expressions, by doing something pf one's own, how to do it".

Art is introduced is schools in the form of painting, music, dancing, craft etc, In order to ensure a harmonious development of the individual to bring forth his abilities, his innate talent and his faculties and instincts.

Art is of great importance for the children's all round development, intellectual, social, psychologist, educational educational and moral development  extra in ensured by art.

School can certainly change enormously the power to express and direct the emotions. The other purpose of art education is to train observation power to see accurately, to make one on realize the value of accuracy and to develop the power of invention, proportion, harmony and to encourage child's natural impulse to give a visible from to his ideas, to make him accurately aware of what is beautiful in nature, in art and what is fine and honest in craftsmanship.

Fine arts, as the school subject is not an extra subject but an essential and important subject for the overall development of the child. Subject of Fine Art is very essential as two periods give the students relax between the tough subjects of the time table.

IT GIVES:

- Out let is their creativity

- Development of the imagination

- Development of their aesthetic value

- Period of mental rest and mental growth

It helps the education by giving it service to the school by making the other subjects more easy and interesting. It breaks the monotony of the dull theoretical subjects.

SIGNIFICANCE OF ART AS SCHOOL SUBJECT

The significance of fine arts as a school subject is shown as under:-

1. It makes knowledge interesting
2. It develops aesthetic sense
3. Correlation with other subjects
4. Practical and manual training
5. Its save time
6. Art makes other subjects easy
7. Mental training through hands
8. It develops creativity
9. It  helps to acquire habit of concentration and application
10. All round development
11. Art fosters the power of imagination, observation and initiatives
12. Art develops memory, illustration and nature drawing
13. It develops a person psychologically
14. Art develops an individual morally
15. It develops a person intellectually
16. It develops a person socially

1. ART MAKES KNOWLEDGE INTERSTING:- With the help pf art we can make the dull theoretical subject easy and interesting. When we add a visual form with any theoretical subject or topic, it becomes very interesting. 

FOR EXAMPLE:-  A dull subject like math's, if we are going to teach a child addition or subtraction, instead of writing 2+2=? we can make the figures of 2 mangoes and 2 bananas. Then when we ask the students to count they will count the things fastly because it is an interesting game for them.

2. IT DEVELOPS AESTHETIC SENSE:- Art helps in the aesthetic development of a person and along with aesthetic sense self expression and the Rasa (feeling of beauty) is also developed. With the help of art a person is able to appreciate and criticize a work of art.

With the help of aesthetic sense we can make a thing beautiful. Otherwise without art,

FOR EXAMPLE:- Architectural designs of cities would be reduced to logs of cabins, without any sculpture we would have no monument. No coined money, no mural decorations no illustration will be there. 

So it is the aesthetic sense which helps a person to make the things beautiful and attractive.

3. CORRELATION WITH OTHER SUBJECTS:- By correlating the dull theoretical subject with art we can make them more interesting and easy to understand. We can motivate the learning power of the students and make the understanding level more higher by correlating the two or more subjects with each other. This will save the time of the teacher as he teach two subjects in one period. Here the correlation of art with some other subjects is given below as :-

EXAMPLES:-

• Science:- Student having the knowledge of art can draw diagrams and can do their practical work etc. more nicely like parts of body, parts of flowers and plants etc.
• Geography:- Drawing of maps, graphs, bar diagrams etc. Showing different places etc. can be beautifully done. Areas can be marked.
• History:- History is the knowledge about past life of the man, how he lived, kings that rules, culture that survived and things those development during the period, all these things can be easily shown by the students having the knowledge about art, like the king, his portrait etc. can be drawn for better understanding.
• Math's:- Geometry, whole of it is the representation pf different shapes etc. which can surely be done well by the art students.
• Economics:- Drawing of graphs, demand, supply etc. these can be shown better by the student having knowledge of art.
• Language:- It is skill of writing and expressing one's emotion which can be surely done well by the artist person done.
• Craft:- Craft and art are very closely related. Especially in the school student who is good in art will surely do well by the artist person done.
• Home science:- Art is helpful in arranging and decorating the things in a room, setting of a kitchen etc.
• Examination:- A student can get more marks if he knows the drawing. By drawing the diagrams and representation he can make his paper effective.
• Improves handwriting:- It improves writing of the person and leaves good impression on the mind of the on looker.

4. PRACTICAL AND MANUAL TRAINING:- Art develops in a man practical abilities and skill. It develops motor activities of a person and his observation power. Only on the basis of art, this practical ability can developed on the students. Practical work and skill is very much important in the field of education. We can develop the hidden talent of the students with the help of this skill. There are many crafts which are introduced in primary classes.

FOR EXAMPLES:- Wooden craft, gardening, pottery etc. Here when the practical and manual training is given to the students, this will further help the students to adopt these crafts as a profession for their future. this practical and manual training will increase his confidence and develop his skill to the best.

5. IT HELPS TO SAVE TIME:- When art is correlated with other subjects and two or more subjects are taught collectively then the time of both teacher and the students is saved. 

Secondly when the topic is taught with audio-visual aids students take more interest and they learn more is less time. The reason is that half the work is done when we show the aid or picture related to the lesson, surroundings and environment or regarding to the school curriculum. The students can understand by themselves by looking at that particular picture. teacher's work becomes less and easy. So it saves time while teaching.

6. ART MAKES OTHER SUBJECTS EASY:- Art is very much responsible to make other theoretical subjects easy to understand. Art is the basis of all the audio-visual aids. Because only with the  help of art (drawing) we can draw and paint a picture or we can make a model. These audio-visual aids help the students to clear those facts and concepts which are not so clear to them.

7. MENTAL TRAINING THROUGH HANDS:- Art gives mental training and helps and individual to develop his mental power. It develops imagination power, learning power, observation power, comparison quality etc. All these powers are very much useful for a person in his life.  When a person develops with all these mental developments he tries to use it with his hands.

FOR EXAMPLES:- When he looks at a beautiful landscape or scene he puts it into his memory and with the use of his hands, he draws his imagination on the paper or the canvas. So art gives mental training and develops skill in a person.

8. ART DEVELOPS CREATIVITY:- Art is the best medium to develop creative expression among children. Art itself depends on creativity. It also gives opportunity to create new things. It develops creative emotions in the minds of the children.

FOR EXAMPLES:- In a class if we give a topic to the students to make a poster on drugs addiction. No two ideas will be the same. Every poster will be different from each other because every person is unique and thinks according to his own way of thinking and choice.

It is the creativity of the minds of the students which helps to make a poster. Surrounding and environment gives the ideas to students. Creativity gives us the opportunity to create a new order of reality, its knowledge and understanding. Its function in education is to create intelligence.

9. ART HELPS TO ACQUIRE HABIT OF CONCENTRATION AND APPLICATION:- When  a person draws and paints a picture, he first of all concentrates over the scene which he wants to draw. Then he cares for the drawing or sketching. i.e. if it is similar to the imagination or not. And after drawing a pencil sketch he concentrates on the colours which he wants to use in his painting. So we can see the concentration first and after that application. Only after concentrating on the things to be drawn, one can apply it in his work of art. Both are very essential steps. Without concentration there will be no imagination and without imagination we will not be able to create a thing and we cannot apply it our work of art. So to make a good piece of art we should concentrate and only then it is possible o apply it in art.

10. ALL ROUND DEVELOPMENT:- Art is the best way to express one's views, ideas, emotions, and expression. It given freedom to the mind. It is very psychological in nature. It directs emotions. It gives pleasure and relaxes the man's mind. It helps economically as a man can earn his living by doting art as a profession. It makes a person socially reliable. It develops in a person all the moral qualities for example patience, endurance, satisfaction etc. It is a skill and the applied arts need a great intellect. So it develops a person intellectually. When he gets the training of these skills. By looking at all these facts and figures we can imagine the contribution of a person. Art is very much responsible for the all sided development of a person.

11. ART FOSTERS THE POWER OF IMAGINATION OBSERVATION AND INITIATIVE:- Art is very much responsible for the development of these qualities. First of all everyone who is willing  to make a painting a sketch, a portrait, a still life or a composition, he has to observe the surroundings and environment to get the idea for his own drawing or sketching. Secondly he has to set in his mind these ideas. Only then he will be able to imagine a new creative idea for his painting. 

12.ART DEVELOPS MEMORY, ILLUSTRATION AND NATURE DRAWING:- When art artist looks at a scene in the nature he tries to keep in his mind. As Keats says, "A thing of beauty is joy for ever". To make his joy for ever it is very essential to memorise that scene. Only then he  can use it in his illustrations and paintings or poem. Then only the memory of a thing will live for ever in his mind if he tries to memorise it. This will help him to concentrate and imagine  properly, to make his new creative idea on the canvas. In education also it is very essential for a student to learn and memorise subject matter very perfectly, Only then he can use it in his exams or in creative thinking.

13. ART DEVELOPS AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICALLY:- Art helps the students to relive to a great extent from the burden of theoretical tyranny of purely academic and theoretical instruction. It creates balance between intellectual and practical experience. This is the active knowledge which helps and individual, how to obey life circumstances, studies or bookish knowledge. They get themselves busy in their work of art and enjoy themselves.

14. ART DEVELOPS A PERSON MORALLY:- Art makes a person lenient. It creates in a person a sense of satisfaction. He develops the qualities of patience, because he do his work with great ease and comfort. Art develops the aesthetic sense, to look for beauty etc. Art makes a person humble, honest and truthful. And in this way helps a person in the development of his moral character.

15. IT DEVELOPS A PERSON INTELLECTUALLY:- Art is a skill and the applied arts needs a great intellect. T o create pleasing forms, like pottery, manual work like embroidery etc. all need a great  intellect.

16. IT DEVELOPS A PERSON SOCIALLY:- Art makes  a person socially reliable and self dependent. In the realm of art, the manual work in of great importance but in one society it was seen as a degraded job, but now an artist enjoys an equivalent status as a man sitting on the desk and working.

TO CONCLUDE

In the past it was thought that the art of drawing and painting flourished in some garden, pursued by a few talented person an far beyond the understanding of common people. Art was considered something academic, forcible and require some extra ordinary power to reach its depth to understand and appreciate its meaning. It may not be possible to define art but it can be experienced, lived and enjoyed by everybody, because it effects every attitude and every channel of human experience. It is a creative attempt to unfold the order and beauty of life. Since this enduring reality may be approached and reached through every aspect and channel of life, thinking, looking, making, feeling. There is no reason why it should not be included in the curriculum of our school.

Art is a school subject is of great value. It is the centre of all the activities. It develops in the students the aesthetic sense. An appreciation sense enables them to develop socially emotionally, physically, intellectual, psychologically and morally. We can say that without art every school subject will become dull and bore. So it is very important to include art as a school subject in school curriculum.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING FINE ARTS

 INTRODUCTION

For the proper teaching of a subject it is essential to have a knowledge of aims and objectives of the subject. This is also true for the teaching of Fine Arts. Various methods of teaching are then evolved according to these aims and objectives. For determining the aims of teaching any subject we have to take into consideration the utility and usefulness of that subject. We have material as well as spiritual aspects in our life. For a successful spiritual life it is essential that we should have sound material life.

The aims and objectives of teaching various subjects are normally very similar and they are generally guided by economic and social considerations. The aims and objectives of teaching Fine Arts include all the aims and objectives in different ways. 

AIMS OF TEACHING FINE ARTS

Aim refers to the conscious purpose that is kept before our eyes while performing any act. It helps us to take stock pf the results of our activities. It acts as a yard stick to measure our success or failure in life. The important aims of teaching fine arts are as follow:-

1. UTILITARIAN AIM:- Fine Art is a practical subject and it prepares us for a better self and make the students to work independently.  A course of Fine Arts also prepares the pupil for different types of employments. It also enable them to choose the right colour and make the proper setting of each and every room according to the principles and elements of art.

1. PSYCHOLOGICAL AIM:- Art helps the students to relieve, to a great extent from the burden of theoretical tyranny of purely academic and theoretical instruction. A balance between intellectual and practical experience provides active knowledge which helps to obey life circumstances, studies or bookish knowledge. They get themselves busy in their work of art and enjoy themselves.
2. PRACTICAL AIM:- Fine ART is practical subject and it is closely related to different aspects of life. In fine arts classes, students are provided opportunities for practical experiences. These practical's provide them the opportunities to express their talents creativity. They also get opportunities for appreciating the aesthetic and psychological factors in painting. It brings more confidence in the children as they learn everything by doing. And also they can adopt this practical knowledge as their business or as a source of earning for their living.
3. MORAL AIM:- Art makes a person dutiful, it creates in a person a sense of satisfaction. He develops the qualities of patience, because he does his work with great ease and comfort. Art develops the aesthetic sense in a person to look for beauty etc. Art makes a person humble honest and truthful. so art makes a person a good citizen of society.
4. INTLLECTUAL AIM:- Art is a skill and the applied arts need a great intellect to create pleasing forms like pottery, manual works like embroidery ad painting, drawing etc. The main emphasis in teaching of Art is one's intellectual development. Art emphasis upon originality Art provides a good training in various fields and offers ample scope to exercise intellect which breed confidence, responsible personality and vigorous energy. Student learn to work independently by applying their intellect.
5. SOCIAL AIM:- Art and society are highly correlated with each other. Both are just like the two sides of the same coin and they can not turn their back to each other. Art makes a person socially reliable and self- dependent. They learn to identify their status between all the members of society.
6. DEVELOPMENT OF RIGHT ATTITUDES:- Attitudes of an individual depends upon intellectual and emotional factors. Desirable attitudes are based on appreciation of thing which are worthwhile in life. It is the responsibility of arts teacher to develop such right attitudes amongst her pupils and for this it is essential that teacher herself should show such traits as self control, sympathy and patience.
7. THE AIM OF ART IS TO DEVELOP COMPETENCE IS SOLVING PROBLEM:- At present we observe a tendency in the students that for each problem there should be a readymade solution available in the notes. Such an attitude is playing havoc with lives of the students. However a student  of fine arts always tries to find solution of any problem by herself. Thus art gives the students self confidence and they can find solution to various problems in life.
8. SPIRITUAL AIM:- Art is also considered essential for spiritual upliftment. An artist feels oneness with God and with nature through art. So arts helps to fulfil the spiritual needs of a person also. The figures, sculptures and paintings, the temples all are the creation of art which helps a person in spiritual development.
9. DEMOCRATIC AIM :- Art is fully democratic in his nature. It does not discriminate anybody on the basis of caste, colour and creed. It gives freedom to the expression of a person. A child gets totally relieved when he expresses his views and emotions through art. Art is a way of communication. Even when we are not able to understand the language of a child, we can under stand him through his paintings or lines drawn by him, that is what he wants to express he can express n through art. So art is a way to give freedom to the emotions of a child.
10. VOCATIONAL AIM:- Art also helps in increasing the economic status of a person. By selling his paintings or art pieces an artist can earn for his living. So he can adopt his skill as vocation. Art fulfils his vocational needs. This will increase his economic level.
11. ART AIMS AT THE HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT:- Art helps a person in emotional, mental, psychological, economical and intellectual developments. When all the aspects are being developed with the help of art then it is very much possible to say that art is responsible for the all round or harmonious development of a person.

CONCLUSION:-

To conclude we can say that the aims and objectives of art are very much helpful to make a person free from his burden and boredom. It helps in the harmonious development of a person. It solves the personal problem of a person for example mental problems, psychological problem and vocational problem also. S the main aim of art is to help a person to become self confident, independent, emotionally strong and a well balanced personality.

FQA

Q1:- Enumerate various aims and objectives of teaching of fine arts.

Q2:- How art can help in harmonious development of an individual.

PRINCIPAL OF ART

 INTRODUCTION 

Art is not complete without the principal of art. No painting can made beautiful, attractive without the help these principles. No accurate features, proportion, colours etc. Can be depicted without any knowledge of the principal of art. Art principals helps us in making an art piece correct, appropriate, according to the condition which is required. If there might be no principles then the art would not be balanced.

Art is a very wider concept. It is based on some fundamentals, principles and elements, without which any work of art seems to be incomplete. There are certain basic principles which should be considered while making any artistic creations.

These basic principles are as follows:-

1. Balance

2.Dominance

3. Harmony

4. Rhythm

5. Emphasis

6. Centre of interest

7. Proportion

8. Opposition

9. Visibility

10. Transition

1. BALANCE:- Balance is an important and essential aspect not only in drawing and painting but also in our life activities. Losing your balance in any activity of life, For example walking, dancing, running, sitting etc. Balance in a picture or design is very natural and when it is not in a picture, the design or picture soon seen unpleasant and ill balanced we recognize this truth when we hang a picture. No one would like a picture to be hung in the fashion show down because it is ill balance.

FINE ART ADDA

The 2nd picture being balanced gives a sense of stability and as such produces a pleasing effect. If smaller trees are drawn on the other side of the large trees, it would give a sense of balance. Moreover, balance s the most important thing in all phases of living.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF BALANCE:

1. Formal balance              2. Informal balance

• FORMAL BALANCE:- The thing which is formally balanced and equally distributed is formal balance. We can have beautiful example from our body. God has created our body. which is totally balanced. When we see in a landscape, a tree on one side is equal to the another one on the other side is an example of formal balance.
• INFORMAL BALANCE:- Balance which is not formal but it is made balanced by adding some more contents. We can see the example of a room that have a door in a corner and too windows balancing it on the other side.                                                                  The second example of landscape with informal balance. In which to balance a big trees are made to create in formal balance.

2. DOMINENCE:- Dominance is the another name of emphasis. It is the emphasis of one object is always to another. It is the process of separating the essential from the less important. The most important and well planned object is always to emphasized in drawing and painting. This principle of dominance is basis of all life's activities, for example, we are disturbed and unhappy when we are torn between two equally strong opposing ideas and are incapable of action, until we make up our mind to make a definite decision and allow one idea to dominate the other.

Dominance is the art principle by which eye in carried first to the most important point in composition. It is shown by the use of dark colours, by decorating the particular space or by having a good plain space at the background and by giving contrast in the drawing and painting.

THE PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE CAN BE CREATED BY:-

• Drawing and painting background in light shades and less details while the major portion in the middle ground is stressed on, the foreground is also not drawn with details etc. The portion to be drawn in the middle ground is emphasized.
• Domination can also be presented by emphasizing the area to be dominated by using bright and dark colours, to be filled in the area to be dominated.
• Domination can also be shown by leaving the extra space, then the subject to be drawn as it is, e.g. If the subject drawn is red in colour (flower) we can leave the extra surface, or the white paper as it is. The flower will naturally dominate because white and red colours are contrast to each other and gives an attractive influence.

3. OPPOSITION:- Principle of opposition can be created by using opposite colours or forms etc. We can use white paper in order to emphasis a black figure drawn on it.

              Opposition is visual tension. A work of art with contrast stimulates interest and arouses excitement. Opposition is the basic principle of nature also. The formation of day and night (which is the simplest example of opposition) darkness and light, everything has its own significance. The principle of opposition creates feeling of variety and diversity. The opposite facts, in everyone's life goes side by side. For example, Truth and False hood, beauty and ugliness( inner and outer), lightness and darkness, happiness and sadness. All those representation life and art both.

4. HARMONY:- When a space of anything is made and the lines are repeated 2 or 3 times then a movement is created which moves the eyes from one point to the another in such a way that they are not conscious of the same. It is a rhythmic advancement, making it easy for the eyes to pass along the entire length of space. When we repeat a shape, it awakens aesthetic emotion.

Harmony is the fundamental requirement in a piece of drawing or painting harmony may be in lines, drawing or colours. In a good painting it is the art principle which produced an impression of unity through the lines, objects, ideas and colours. When all the objects in a group seem to have a strong family resemblance, ad there is no break and the continuity of objects is very clear then it is a harmonious painting. Principal of harmony has all the five aspects. They are harmony of line and shape, size, texture and colour.

5. RHYTHM:- Rhythm is also very important principle of art. It should always be in the work of art. It is a continuous series, or flow of ideas or emotions conveyed in a painting, our sight moves naturally from one point to the other.

There is only one principle underlying beauty and art, of  which all others are but aspects, this controlling principle which can be recognized throughout the universe is Rhythm. It is present in all over the world in the atmosphere in the nature etc.

The example of the rhythm found in nature are layers of water on the seashore, rising and falling, dancing produce beautiful sounds, everything goes in rhythm.

Rhythm is filled in and is observed in Music, Rhythm is the element in music right from the Raga to the Ragini (Poem).

6. VISIBILITY:- If the artist tries to show some thing in a picture and if the viewer is able to bring it out atonce then it is called the visibility. Not only space or subject but the effect of colours too should be seen by the viewer. That all depends upon how the artist paints. A new touch should be given to form the figure of the object which is to be shown first and which is to be shown afterwards. So that everything seems to be in right position, for e.g. The objects at distance should be painted in light colours. So that the distance objects may be visible less and the object to be shown in the front should be painted bright to make them more visible to the spectator.

7. EMPHASIS:- Though the painting is well composed, perfect harmony is there. Colours are effective, balance and proportions are well induced and attended to, yet it may still be dull and in effective. Because there is no specific and particular point which attracts us or our attention.

Emphasis is that art by which the eye is carried first to most important point in the composition then to the less important points in the group or composition. The second way to emphasis the most important point by using the contrast colours and by decorating the particular object or by having sufficient plain background around that particular object or by contrasting lines, shapes or sizes.

8. PORPORTION:- Proportion is relation of one part of a painting or a work of art with the whole. It creates beauty, if a delicate sense of proportion is maintained. God has created human body which is well proportionate. Similarly we have to keep in mind the rule of proportion while painting, drawing, coloring, modelling and composing. Even in the field of architecture and sculpture, proportion deserves a special attention. A window, a wall, a floor in the building have to be proportionate and balanced with each other. Otherwise the room will not look beautiful and attractive.

9. CENTRE OF INTEREST:- For showing any type of a thing in a painting at time of working in the surroundings, we must make use of a centre of interest, as the viewer would ask first all, for the subject of interest and if the subject is turned with the centre of interest, then there is no need of asking the question because the sight will catch only that thing first of all and afterwards it will move to the another things. Centre of interest is very essential for the whole picture. If there is no differentiation between main figure and less important figures in a picture then it will not be painted in bright colours.

10. TRANSITION:- In a work pf art transition is a unifying movement from one element to another. In design this method of increasing rhythmic movement from one line to another of from one color to another is called transition. This transition from one line to another adds to the beauty of any piece.

Although they can work independently. But when we combine all of them we get the more beautiful art pieces before us. Art is a unity and every principle it contains needs the help of others to bring it into being. It has been said that the greatest art is that which intensely unites the extreme variables. So all the principles are very much helpful in the development of the art and these are the foundations of all the arts.

FQA

Q1:- Enlist various principles of art?

q2:- Explain with examples any four principles of art?

IMPORTANCE OF ART

 

FINE ART ADDA

INTRODUCTION

In the field of education, art occupies a significant place in the education curriculum of a country. Today the educationists have fully realized the importance of art work in the mental, physical and psychological aspects or in the other words in the harmonious development of a learner. Art is essential like air and water for human life. Without it man would not have gained any culture and civilization nor his mind trained and educated properly for the appreciation of beauty in all its manifestations.
Art gives the visible from to the ideas, feelings and emotions of man, which will give satisfaction to a person's mind. Art plays a very important role in one's life. As man does not needs bread only for its survival, his soul also needs food, nourishment and good diet fir its survival and the art provides that food to man.

Some points are given below which shows the importance of art in our life:

1. Dress:- Art helps a person to select a dress, then guide, how to stick, the work to be done on it, its colour scheme, its design, its combination.
2. Presentation:- An artist will have an edge over the ordinary person to present her self both physical and mentally before others.
3. Hair style:- Which hair style will suit him the best according to his height and body structure, This is guided by the sense of art.
4. Jewellery:- What kind of jewellery will be suitable for the personality of the person. What should be design of the jewellery etc. Art can help a person in the field also.  All the ornamentation can be designed with the help of art . An artist person always has an edge over others.
5. Decoration of the home, the office or work place:- With some materials and money, an artistic person, by applying his creativity can show the ordinary room in much better way.
6. Selection of paint:- Paint which reflects the light maximum and have smoothing effect. As colour scheme can change, the basic appearance of the room. 
7. Making use of best out of waste and decoration:- An artist can arrange the ordinary things in extra ordinary way.
8. The selection of curtains and other combinations:- Art plays a great role in the selection of these things using one's art in the place of work. It increases the aesthetic value and one likes to work more. This increases one's efficiency and productivity.
9. Kitchen:- Applying the art, the things can be arranged beautifully and in artistic manner and makes the person to feel happy and comfortable and more productive.
10. Garden:- An artistic person arranges the plants and flower and does their trimming to make them appear more beautiful.
11. Hostel:- Even if an artistic person goes with some one and lives in a hostel, he has the ability to change the entire structure with the same resources.
12. Crockery:- Art plays an important role in crockery you buy. Even in simple and small things can show difference with an artistic choice.

In the life of an individual as with the help of art same thing can be changed and can be shown more usefully and artistically. Art also helps one in showing one's emotions or giving out let to ones inner feeling has:-

"Art is an impression of outer expression" by CROCHE

"Art is the expression of inner feeling" by R.N.TAGORE

 IMPORTANCE OF ART IN THE LIFE OF A PERSON

1. Art helps a person to express his feelings with full freedom:- There is no limitation or restriction in art . An artist is free to express his inner feelings.  What he feels, he can draw it on the canvas. He can express his personal views, ideas and emotion with the help of art. We can say that art fully democratic in nature. As in democratic environment a man has fully right to express his vies according to his personal feelings, similarly in art even a child is also free to express his feelings according to his own interest views and emotions.
2. Art helps in the psychological development of a person:- Art follows the rules and regulations of psychology. As in psychology every individual is unique. He has his own interest, feelings ideas and emotions and psychology gives an outlet to the emotions of the individual. So as in  the case of art. Art also gives outlet or way to the emotions and feelings ideas and views of a person.
3. Art helps in moral development:- Art makes a person lenient. It creates in a person a sense of satisfaction. He develops the quality of patience because he does his work with great patience and comfort. Art makes a person humble, honest and truthful. So all the moral qualities are developed with the help of art, which help him to become a good citizen of society.
4. Art helps in social development:- Art makes a person socially reliable and self dependent. In the realm of art, the manual work is of great importance but in one society it was seen as degraded job, but now a days, an artist enjoys an equivalent status as a man sitting on the desk and working.
5. Art helps in Economical development:- It will increase the productivity of the artist or craftsman. Art helps an artist to make him financially strong. When he sells his paintings he can earn easily  for his living. He become self dependent.
6. Art helps to develop creativity in a person:- Art depends in creativity. It also gives opportunity to create new things. It creates creative emotions in the mind of a man. With the help of art we can judge, see and compare present with the past. It gives us opportunity to create a new order of reality, its knowledge and understanding. Its function in education is to create intelligence.
7. Art gives us knowledge of past :- Art helps us to know about people who lived in the past. We come know the art and life of the past. Art is preserved throughout the world, in museums. The people of the Indus Valley lived five thousand years ago, yet we can see samples of theirs toys, jewellery, pottery, that have been preserved in the national museum New Delhi.
8. Art is helpful in utilization of leisure time:- With the help of art one can use his leisure time very accurately. He can develop his hobbies in this free time. Nd can make them his profession for his future. With the help of these hobbies, he can earn for his living easily. When a person changes his attitude about his leisure time he will always try to use that time more and more. He can discover new facts and can develop new techniques of painting. So there will be no wastage of free time.
9. Art gives pleasure to man:- Art gives pleasure along with new experiences. The power of art can arouse all kinds of emotions from simple joy to deeper feelings and its work can gladden our eyes and enrich our thoughts. It creates recreations.
10. Art develops appreciation quality and critical thinking in a person:- Through art we can judge, see and compare present with the past. It teaches how to appreciate art and beauty. It develops in a person freedom of thought, spiritual and mental growth, power of observation for the appreciation of the rise and setting of sun, the grace and refinement of the line in great Ajanta paintings etc.
11. Art helps to save and develop culture:- Without art man is not able to get the knowledge of culture and civilization. it is the art which preserves the culture and old civilization, In the museum we can see the toys, jewellery, pottery, coins and art pieces of the past. The art is the treasure of the culture of the past civilization. It is very important medium to pass the knowledge and art of the past to the future.
12. Art helps in the development of aesthetic sense:- It helps in the aesthetic development of a person and along with aesthetic sense self expression and Rasa (feeling of beauty) is also developed. With the help of art, a person is able to appreciate and criticize a work of art.
13. Art helps in all round development:- The main purpose of art is to develop a person socially, morally, economically, psychologically, physically and emotionally. S o collectively we can say that art helps person to develop harmoniously. Art helps a person in his all round development as it develops, creativity, imagination, right attitude towards life etc. It makes a person self dependent and social. It gives him out let to express his emotions expressions and exploration. So it is very much helpful for a person to develop from all the aspects of life. 
14. Art helps in spiritual upliftment:- As we know that Indian art is derived from the philosophy and non from the external beauty. Truth Goodness Beauty is the base of all the art. God is the most beautiful in Indian theory. So art is more spiritual in nature. It is also considered essential for spiritual upliftment. An artist feels feels oneness with God and with nature through art.
15. Helps in Evaluation of life:- Art when discovers the truth. It uses to analyze the knowledge and it gives its contribution to evaluate the life. The art tells us how a person can live his life easily. Art gives knowledge of the philosophy of life to an artist.

CONCLUSION:- 

So to conclude we can say that art, education and life of man are highly correlated with each other. They can not be separated. Other wise they will lose their values. Art is very much helpful in education and life of human being. It directs the views ideas, emotions and expression of a person. It develops aesthetic sense and creativity, which are so important things for an individual. If there is not creativity or appreciation quality in a person he won't be able to see or criticize the beauty of this world. Without art this world will become monotonous. So art is very important for an individual for his harmonious development.

FQA

Q1:- What is the importance of art in the life of an individual?

Q2:- Art is responsible for the all round development of a person. Discuss.

what is art?

INTRODUCTION

 The definition of art cannot be bound in limited words. It is the personal feeling of a person and every person is unique. He has his own likings, disliking's and views. So every person defines art according to his own interest. Time to time artist and intellectuals have given their views about art. According to bharat Muni art is painting, music, instrument playing and dance. Mostly the word 'Kala' has been used for the Fine Arts and Shilpa(Craft) for the arts of utility.  'Panini' used the word 'Shilpa' for both Fine arts and utility arts. The special activity which is used to make an object beautiful is known as 'Kala'.

Indian traditional treaties mention Sixty four(64) Kalas, as for example in Kamasutra by Vatsayana. The Lalit Kala (Fine Arts) includes music, dance, sculpture, painting, and architecture. According to some thinkers literature, specially drama and poetry are also fine arts because all the embody the essence of art 'rasa'.

When the word art is mentioned, the first idea that comes in our mind is drawing and painting. It is a narrow concept of art. Art like music, poetry, drama. writing prose, sculpture, painting and drawing are the branches of art. Art is a form of communication through which man expresses his thoughts, feelings, emotions and experiences.

MEANING

 The word 'ART' is derived from the Greek word 'ar' which means to create, to make or to fit. Here also 'art' has two meaning:

1. ART as a creation of beauty which gives pleasure.

2. Art as a process of skillful building or making.

3. Art is a creation of beauty and pleasure by a process of skillful crafts.

In Sanskrit language we call 'ART' 'KALA' which is derived from the root word 'kal' which means to inspire, or to give pleasure.

Thus the word meaning of kala is two fold:

1. As beautiful, sweet, tender and pleasure giving.

2. As some skill, some craft, some special ability.

Art is a medium through which one can express his own impressions, expressions, feelings and emotions. Art gives relaxation to the tension of man's mind. So it is very psychological in its nature. Nobody can left without the effect of art who is the part of this society.

DEFINITIONS OF ART GIVEN BY DIFFERENT ARTIST:

1. ACCORDING TO RAVINDRA NATH TAGORE:- "Art is expression of human experiences.

2. TAGORE:-  "Man expresses himself through art".

3. PLATO:- "Art is imitation of truth".

4. ARISTOTALE:- "Art is imitable".

5. RIGVEDA:- "All truth, goodness and beauty emanate from the God. Art is eternal and unending. The expression, consciousness of the beauty of God is called ART (KALA)".

6. MAHATAMA GANDHI:- Art is the thought of the spirit. So the outer from of a man is alive only when his inner self is living".

So we can say:

1 Man expresses himself by art. 

2 The creative energy of god, which man receives in a limited form is art.

3 Art is beautiful expression of truth the attainment of goodness.

4 To some thinkers art is yoga, because it unites man or living being to the creator.

To Conclude:

Art is expressing the god in his various overt and covert forms and seundy. Art is pleasure giving.

Classification Of Art: 

We can classify art on the various grounds. These are as follows:

(A)

 1. External Art :- It includes painting, sculpture architecture, carpentry and goldsmithery etc.

2. Internal Art:- These are the arts which are private to the person and are kept under cover.

(B)

1. Subjective Art:- Subjective art is that which artist brings out from his himself. In which the artist peeps into his inner soul and gets inspiration from there. Personal sorrows, happiness, hopes or dissatisfaction are explained and expressed through the medium of art. For e.g. Abstract art is that which is a reflection of one's feelings and ideas.

2 Objective Art :- Objective art is the observed art which we paint after having a glimpse of it, in the world around us. For e.ge Still life or the position of the suffering man. This art is imitation of the surrounding. The things painted, with some objective motif for the society is objective arts, example. These can be seen and copied. Ajanta painting are the example of such art.

(C)

1. Visual Arts:- Which can be seen such as painting, sculpture, cinema, architecture etc.

2. Auditory Art:- Which can be heard and enjoyed such as poetry, music, instrument playing.

(D)

1. Concrete Art:- Painting, sculpture, architecture etc. Which we can see.

2. Abstract Art:- Which can not be seen, only those which can be enjoyed, for eg. Poetry and music etc.

To conclude we can say that:

Art is as old as existence of man an earth. It is coming from ancient times. We have many mythological stones regarding art that how it comes into existence. One of the stories is that : Once a Brahmin's son passed away and Brahmins was lamenting and crying  and shouting very loudly. From there, at the some time God Vishnu passed away and asked the cause of his weeping. Brahmin told Vishnu ji that his only son has died. Vishnu ji asked him to draw the portrait of his son and the Brahmin did it. The benevolent God Vishnu blessed him after seeing the portrait and the son of Brahmin was alive. These are although only the myths, but they told us the importance of art in man's life.

So we can say art is the best gift by the God, given to man. Art is like a mirror, through which one can see his own emotions, feelings and expression. Art  has its own value. Today no work can be done perfectly without the help of art. Each and everyone needs the help of art.

FQA

1Q:- What is Art?

2Q:- Define Art?

3Q:- Describe various type of art?