PRINCIPAL OF ART

 INTRODUCTION 

Art is not complete without the principal of art. No painting can made beautiful, attractive without the help these principles. No accurate features, proportion, colours etc. Can be depicted without any knowledge of the principal of art. Art principals helps us in making an art piece correct, appropriate, according to the condition which is required. If there might be no principles then the art would not be balanced.

Art is a very wider concept. It is based on some fundamentals, principles and elements, without which any work of art seems to be incomplete. There are certain basic principles which should be considered while making any artistic creations.

These basic principles are as follows:-

1. Balance

2.Dominance

3. Harmony

4. Rhythm

5. Emphasis

6. Centre of interest

7. Proportion

8. Opposition

9. Visibility

10. Transition

1. BALANCE:- Balance is an important and essential aspect not only in drawing and painting but also in our life activities. Losing your balance in any activity of life, For example walking, dancing, running, sitting etc. Balance in a picture or design is very natural and when it is not in a picture, the design or picture soon seen unpleasant and ill balanced we recognize this truth when we hang a picture. No one would like a picture to be hung in the fashion show down because it is ill balance.

FINE ART ADDA

The 2nd picture being balanced gives a sense of stability and as such produces a pleasing effect. If smaller trees are drawn on the other side of the large trees, it would give a sense of balance. Moreover, balance s the most important thing in all phases of living.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF BALANCE:

1. Formal balance              2. Informal balance

• FORMAL BALANCE:- The thing which is formally balanced and equally distributed is formal balance. We can have beautiful example from our body. God has created our body. which is totally balanced. When we see in a landscape, a tree on one side is equal to the another one on the other side is an example of formal balance.
• INFORMAL BALANCE:- Balance which is not formal but it is made balanced by adding some more contents. We can see the example of a room that have a door in a corner and too windows balancing it on the other side.                                                                  The second example of landscape with informal balance. In which to balance a big trees are made to create in formal balance.

2. DOMINENCE:- Dominance is the another name of emphasis. It is the emphasis of one object is always to another. It is the process of separating the essential from the less important. The most important and well planned object is always to emphasized in drawing and painting. This principle of dominance is basis of all life's activities, for example, we are disturbed and unhappy when we are torn between two equally strong opposing ideas and are incapable of action, until we make up our mind to make a definite decision and allow one idea to dominate the other.

Dominance is the art principle by which eye in carried first to the most important point in composition. It is shown by the use of dark colours, by decorating the particular space or by having a good plain space at the background and by giving contrast in the drawing and painting.

THE PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE CAN BE CREATED BY:-

• Drawing and painting background in light shades and less details while the major portion in the middle ground is stressed on, the foreground is also not drawn with details etc. The portion to be drawn in the middle ground is emphasized.
• Domination can also be presented by emphasizing the area to be dominated by using bright and dark colours, to be filled in the area to be dominated.
• Domination can also be shown by leaving the extra space, then the subject to be drawn as it is, e.g. If the subject drawn is red in colour (flower) we can leave the extra surface, or the white paper as it is. The flower will naturally dominate because white and red colours are contrast to each other and gives an attractive influence.

3. OPPOSITION:- Principle of opposition can be created by using opposite colours or forms etc. We can use white paper in order to emphasis a black figure drawn on it.

              Opposition is visual tension. A work of art with contrast stimulates interest and arouses excitement. Opposition is the basic principle of nature also. The formation of day and night (which is the simplest example of opposition) darkness and light, everything has its own significance. The principle of opposition creates feeling of variety and diversity. The opposite facts, in everyone's life goes side by side. For example, Truth and False hood, beauty and ugliness( inner and outer), lightness and darkness, happiness and sadness. All those representation life and art both.

4. HARMONY:- When a space of anything is made and the lines are repeated 2 or 3 times then a movement is created which moves the eyes from one point to the another in such a way that they are not conscious of the same. It is a rhythmic advancement, making it easy for the eyes to pass along the entire length of space. When we repeat a shape, it awakens aesthetic emotion.

Harmony is the fundamental requirement in a piece of drawing or painting harmony may be in lines, drawing or colours. In a good painting it is the art principle which produced an impression of unity through the lines, objects, ideas and colours. When all the objects in a group seem to have a strong family resemblance, ad there is no break and the continuity of objects is very clear then it is a harmonious painting. Principal of harmony has all the five aspects. They are harmony of line and shape, size, texture and colour.

5. RHYTHM:- Rhythm is also very important principle of art. It should always be in the work of art. It is a continuous series, or flow of ideas or emotions conveyed in a painting, our sight moves naturally from one point to the other.

There is only one principle underlying beauty and art, of  which all others are but aspects, this controlling principle which can be recognized throughout the universe is Rhythm. It is present in all over the world in the atmosphere in the nature etc.

The example of the rhythm found in nature are layers of water on the seashore, rising and falling, dancing produce beautiful sounds, everything goes in rhythm.

Rhythm is filled in and is observed in Music, Rhythm is the element in music right from the Raga to the Ragini (Poem).

6. VISIBILITY:- If the artist tries to show some thing in a picture and if the viewer is able to bring it out atonce then it is called the visibility. Not only space or subject but the effect of colours too should be seen by the viewer. That all depends upon how the artist paints. A new touch should be given to form the figure of the object which is to be shown first and which is to be shown afterwards. So that everything seems to be in right position, for e.g. The objects at distance should be painted in light colours. So that the distance objects may be visible less and the object to be shown in the front should be painted bright to make them more visible to the spectator.

7. EMPHASIS:- Though the painting is well composed, perfect harmony is there. Colours are effective, balance and proportions are well induced and attended to, yet it may still be dull and in effective. Because there is no specific and particular point which attracts us or our attention.

Emphasis is that art by which the eye is carried first to most important point in the composition then to the less important points in the group or composition. The second way to emphasis the most important point by using the contrast colours and by decorating the particular object or by having sufficient plain background around that particular object or by contrasting lines, shapes or sizes.

8. PORPORTION:- Proportion is relation of one part of a painting or a work of art with the whole. It creates beauty, if a delicate sense of proportion is maintained. God has created human body which is well proportionate. Similarly we have to keep in mind the rule of proportion while painting, drawing, coloring, modelling and composing. Even in the field of architecture and sculpture, proportion deserves a special attention. A window, a wall, a floor in the building have to be proportionate and balanced with each other. Otherwise the room will not look beautiful and attractive.

9. CENTRE OF INTEREST:- For showing any type of a thing in a painting at time of working in the surroundings, we must make use of a centre of interest, as the viewer would ask first all, for the subject of interest and if the subject is turned with the centre of interest, then there is no need of asking the question because the sight will catch only that thing first of all and afterwards it will move to the another things. Centre of interest is very essential for the whole picture. If there is no differentiation between main figure and less important figures in a picture then it will not be painted in bright colours.

10. TRANSITION:- In a work pf art transition is a unifying movement from one element to another. In design this method of increasing rhythmic movement from one line to another of from one color to another is called transition. This transition from one line to another adds to the beauty of any piece.

Although they can work independently. But when we combine all of them we get the more beautiful art pieces before us. Art is a unity and every principle it contains needs the help of others to bring it into being. It has been said that the greatest art is that which intensely unites the extreme variables. So all the principles are very much helpful in the development of the art and these are the foundations of all the arts.

FQA

Q1:- Enlist various principles of art?

q2:- Explain with examples any four principles of art?